GREEN UNIVERSITY OF BANGLADESH
Report
on:
APPLE
PREPARED FOR
Sabina Gesmin
Lecturer
GREEN
BUSINESS SCHOOL
GREEN
UNIVERSITY OF BANGLADESH
PREPARED
BY:
Md. Golam Mostafa Soad ID: 161006048
Md. Ali Raza Razu ID: 161006027
Md. Ruhul Amin Bhuiyan ID: 161006082
Md. Murad Hossain ID:
161006025
Rezoana Amin ID: 161006075
Course
Title: Fundamental of Computers
Course Code:
GED-102
Section-03
APPLE
INTRODUCTION
Apple Inc.is an American multinational corporation that designs
and manufactures consumer electronics and computer software products. The
company’s best known hardwareproducts include Macintosh computers,the
iPod,and the iPhone. Apple software includes the Mac OS X operating system,the
iTunes media browser,the iLife suite of multimedia and creativity software,the
iWork suite of productivity software, Final Cut Studio, a suite of professional
audio and film-industry software products, and Logic Studio, a suite of audio
tools. The company operates more than 300 retail stores in nine countries, and
an online store where hardware and software products are sold.
Established in Cupertino, California on April 1, 1976by
Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ron Wayne and incorporated January 3, 1977, the company was
called Apple Computer Inc.for its
first 30 years, but dropped the word “Computer” on January 9, 2007to
reflect the company's ongoing expansion into the consumerelectronics market in
addition to its traditional focus on personalcomputers.Apple has about 50,000
employees worldwide and hadworldwide annual sales of US$108.77 billion in its fiscal
year endingSeptember 29, 2015. For reasons as various as its philosophy
of comprehensive aesthetic design to its distinctive advertising
campaigns,Apple has established a unique reputation in the consumer
electronicsindustry. This includes a customer base that is devoted to the
companyand its brand, particularly in the United States and in the world in
2009.
History
The Apple I, Apple’s first product.
Sold as an assembled circuit board, it lacked basic features such as a
keyboard, monitor, and case. The owner of this unit added a keyboardand a wooden
case
Apple was established on April 1,
1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and RonaldWayne, to sell the Apple I
personal computer kit. They were hand-built by Wozniak andfirst shown to the
public at the Homebrew Computer Club. The Apple I was sold as amotherboard
(with CPU, RAM, and basic textual-video chips)—less than what is
todayconsidered a complete personal computer. The Apple I went on sale in July
1976 and wasmarket-priced at $666.66 ($2.55 thousand in 2010 dollars, adjusted
for inflation.)
Apple was incorporated January 3,
1977 without Wayne, who sold his share of thecompany back to Jobs and Wozniak
for $800. Multi-millionaire Mike Markkula providedessential business expertise
and funding of $250,000 during the incorporation of Apple.
The Apple II was introduced on
April 16, 1977 at the first West Coast Computer Faire. Itdiffered from its
major rivals, the TRS-80 and Commodore PET, because it came withcolor graphics
and an open architecture. While early models used ordinary cassette tapesas storage
devices, they were superseded by the introduction of a 5 1/4 inch floppy disk
drive and interface, the Disk II.
The Apple II was chosen to be the
desktop platform for the first "killer app" of the business world—the
VisiCalc spreadsheet program. VisiCalc created a business marketfor the Apple
II, and gave home users an additional reason to buy an Apple II— compatibility
with the office. According to Brian Bagnall, Apple exaggerated its sales
figures and was a distant third place to Commodore and Tandy until VisiCalc
came along.
By the end of the 1970s, Apple had
a staff of computer designers and a production line.The company introduced the
ill-fated Apple III in May 1980 in an attempt to competewith IBM and Microsoft in the business and corporate computing market.
The first Macintosh, released in 1984:
In
1984, Apple next launched the Macintosh. Its debut was announced by the now famous $1.5 million television commercial
"1984". It was directed by Ridley Scott, a iredduring the third
quarter of Super Bowl XVIII on January 22, 1984, and is now considered a
watershed event for Apple's success and a "masterpiece".
1986–1993: Rise and fall
The Macintosh Portable
was Apple's first "portable" Macintosh computer, released in 1989.
Having learned several
painful lessons after introducing the bulky Macintosh Portable in 1989, Apple
introduced the PowerBook in 1991, which established the modern form
and ergonomic layout of the laptop computer. The Macintosh Portable was designed
to be just so powerful as a desktop Macintosh and turned out 17 pounds with a 12
hour battery life.Apple sold fewer than 100,000 units. The Powerbook was 7
pounds and had a 3 hour battery life, and sold a billion dollars worth within
the first year. The same year, Apple introduced System 7, a major upgrade to the
operating system, which added color to the interface and introduced new
networking capabilities. It remained the architectural basis for Mac OS until
2001.
The success of the
PowerBook and other products led to increasing revenue. For sometime, it
appeared that Apple could do no wrong, introducing fresh new products
and generating increasing profits in the process. The magazine MacAddict has
named the period between 1989 and 1991 as the "first golden age" of
the Macintosh.
Apple saw the Apple II
series as too expensive to produce, while taking away sales from the low end
Macintosh. In 1990, Apple released the Macintosh LC with a single expansion slot
for the Apple IIe Card to migrate Apple II users to the Macintosh platform.
Apple stopped selling the Apple IIe in 1993.
Microsoft continued to
gain market share with Windows, focusing on delivering software to cheap
commodity personal computers while Apple was delivering a richly engineered,
but expensive, experience. Apple relied on high profit margins and never
developed aclear response. Instead they sued Microsoft for using a graphical
user interface similar to the Apple Lisa in Apple Computer, Inc. v. Microsoft
Corporation. The lawsuit draggedon for years before it was thrown out of court.
At the same time, a series of major product flops and missed deadlines sullied
Apple's reputation, and Sculley was replaced byMichael Spindler.
1994–1997: Attempts at reinvention
The
Newton was Apple's first foray into the PDA markets, as well as one of the
first inthe industry. Despite being a financial flop at the time of its
release, it helped pave theway
for the Palm Pilot and Apple's own iPhone and iPad in the future.
By the early 1990s,
Apple was developing alternative platforms to the Macintosh, such asthe A/UX. Apple had also begun to experiment in
providing a Mac-only online portalwhich they called eWorld, developed in
collaboration with America Online and designedas a Mac-friendly alternative to other online services such as CompuServe. TheMacintosh
platform itself was becoming outdated since it was not built for
multitasking,and several important software routines were programmed directly
into the hardware. Inaddition, Apple was facing competition from OS/2 and UNIX
vendors like SunMicrosystems. The Macintosh would need to be replaced by a new
platform, or reworkedto run on more powerful hardware
In 1994, Apple allied with IBM and
Motorola in the AIM alliance. The goal was to createa new computing platform
(the PowerPC Reference Platform), which would use IBM andMotorola hardware
coupled with Apple's software. The AIM alliance hoped that PReP's performance
and Apple's software would leave the PC far behind, thus counteringMicrosoft.
The same year, Apple introduced the Power Macintosh, the first of manyApple
computers to use IBM's PowerPC processor.In 1996, Michael Spindler was replaced
by Gil Amelio as CEO. Gil Amelio made manychanges at Apple, including massive
layoffs. After multiple failed attempts to improve eMac OS, first with the
Taligent project, then later with Copland and Gershwin, Ameliochose to purchase
NeXT and its NeXTSTEP operating system, bringing Steve Jobs back to Apple as an
advisor. On July 9, 1997, Gil Amelio was ousted by the board of directorsafter
overseeing a three-year record-low stock price and crippling financial losses.
Jobs became the interim CEO and began restructuring the company's product line.
At the 1997 Macworld Expo, Steve
Jobs announced that Apple would join Microsoft torelease new versions of
Microsoft Office for the Macintosh, and that Microsoft made a$150 million
investment in non-voting Apple stock.
On November 10, 1997, Apple
introduced the Apple Store, tried to a new build-to-order manufacturing
strategy.
1998–2005: Return to profitability
On August 15, 1998, Apple
introduced a new all-in-one computer reminiscent of theMacintosh 128K: the
iMac. The iMac design team was led by Jonathan Ive, who wouldlater design the
iPod and the iPhone. The iMac featured modern technology and a uniquedesign. It
sold close to 800,000 units in its first five months.
Through this period, Apple
purchased several companies to create a portfolio of professional and consumer-oriented digital
production software. In 1998, Appleannounced the purchase of Macromedia's Final
Cut software, signaling its expansion intothe digital video editing market. The
following year, Apple released two video editing products: iMovie for
consumers, and Final Cut Pro for professionals, the latter of whichhas gone on
to be a significant video-editing program, with 800,000 registered users
inearly 2007. In 2002 Apple purchased Nothing Real for their advanced digital
compositingapplication Shake, as well as Emagic for their music productivity
application Logic,which led to the development of their consumer-level
GarageBand application.iPhoto'srelease the same year completed the iLife suite.
The entrance of the Apple Store on
Fifth Avenue in New York City is a glass cube,housing a cylindrical elevator
and a spiral staircase that leads into the subterranean store.Mac OS X, based
on NeXT's OPENSTEP and BSD Unix was released on March 24,2001, after several
years of development. Aimed at consumers and professionals alike,Mac OS X aimed
to combine the stability, reliability and security of Unix with the easeof use
afforded by an overhauled user interface. To aid users in migrating from Mac
OS9, the new operating system allowed the use of OS 9 applications through Mac
OS X'sClassic environment.
On May 19, 2001, Apple opened the
first official Apple Retail Stores in Virginia andCalifornia. later on July 9
they bought Spruce Technologies, a DVD authoring company.The same year, Apple
introduced the iPod portable digital audio player. The product was phenomenally
successful — over 100 million units were sold within six years. In 2003,Apple's
iTunes Store was introduced, offering online music downloads for $0.99 a
songand integration with the iPod. The service quickly became the market leader
in onlinemusic services, with over 5 billion downloads by June 19, 2008.
Since 2001 Apple's design team has
progressively abandoned the use of translucentcolored plastics first used in
the iMac G3. This began with the titanium PowerBook andwas followed by the
white polycarbonate iBook and the flat-panel iMac.
2005–2007: The Intel transition
The MacBook Pro (15.4"
widescreen) was Apple's first laptop with an Intelmicroprocessor. It was
announced in January 2006 and is aimed at the professionalmarket.
At the Worldwide Developers
Conference keynote address on June 6, 2005, Steve Jobsannounced that Apple
would begin producing Intel-based Mac computers in 2006. OnJanuary 10, 2006,
the new MacBook Pro and iMac became the first Apple computers touse Intel's
Core Duo CPU. By August 7, 2006 Apple had transitioned the entire Mac product
line to Intel chips, over 1 year sooner than announced. The Power Mac,
iBook,and PowerBook brands were retired during the transition; the Mac Pro,
MacBook, andMacBook Pro became their respective successors. On April 29, 2009,
The Wall StreetJournal reported that Apple was building its own team of
engineers to design microchips.
Apple also introduced Boot Camp to
help users install Windows XP or Windows Vistaon their Intel Macs alongside Mac
OS X.
Apple's success during this period
was evident in its stock price. Between early 2003 and2006, the price of
Apple's stock increased more than tenfold, from around $6 per
share(split-adjusted) to over $80. In January 2006, Apple's market cap
surpassed that of Dell. Nine years prior, Dell's CEO Michael Dell said that if
he ran Apple he would "shut it down and give the money back to the
shareholders."
Although Apple's market share in
computers has grown, it remains far behindcompetitors using Microsoft Windows,
with only about 8% of desktops and laptops in theU.S.
2007–present: Mobile consumer electronics
era
Delivering his keynote at the
Macworld Expo on January 9, 2007, Jobs announced that Apple Computer, Inc.
would from that point on be known as Apple Inc., due to the fact that computers
are no longer the singular focus of the company. This change reflects the
company's shift of emphasis to mobile electronic devices from personal
computers. The event also saw the announcement of the iPhone and the Apple TV.
The following day, Apple shares hit $97.80, an all-time high at that point. In
May, Apple's share price passed the $100 mark.
The Mac, iPad, and iPhone now form
the core of Apple's business.In July of the following year, Apple launched the
App Store to sell third-partyapplications for the iPhone and iPod Touch. Within
a month, the store sold 60 millionapplications and brought in $1 million daily
on average, with Jobs speculating that theApp Store could become a
billion-dollar business for Apple. Three months later, it wasannounced that
Apple had become the third-largest mobile handset supplier in the worlddue to
the popularity of the iPhone.
On December 16, 2008, Apple
announced that after over 20 years of attending Macworld,2009 would be the last
year Apple would be attending the Macworld Expo, and that PhilSchiller would
deliver the 2009 keynote in lieu of the expected Jobs. Almost exactly onemonth
later, on January 14, 2009, an internal Apple memo from Jobs announced that
hewould be taking a six-month leave of absence, until the end of June 2009, to
allow him to better focus on his health and to allow the company to better
focus on its products without having the rampant media speculating about his
health. Despite Jobs' absence, Apple recorded its best non-holiday quarter (Q1
FY 2009) during the recession with a revenueof $8.16 billion and a profit of
$1.21 billion.
After years of
speculation and multiple rumored "leaks" Apple announced a large
screen,tablet-like media device known as the iPad on January 27, 2010. The iPad
runs the sametouch based operating system that the iPhone uses and many of the
same iPhone apps arecompatible with the
iPad. This gave the iPad a large app catalog on launch even withvery
little development time before the release. Later that year on April 3, 2010,
the iPadwas launched in the US and sold more
than 300,000 units on that day and reaching500,000 by the end of the first week. In May 2010, Apple's market cap exceeded that
of competitor
Microsoft for the first time since 1989.
In June 2010, Apple released the fourth generation iPhone,
which introduced videocalling, multitasking, and a new uninsulated
stainless steel design, which acts as the phone's antenna. Because of this antenna
implementation, some iPhone 4 users reported areduction
in signal strength when the phone is held in specific ways. Apple has offered buyers
a free rubber 'bumper' case until September 30, 2010, as cases has been proven
tosolve/improve the signal strength issue.
Products
Mac
Macs that are currently being sold are:
·
MacBook: Consumer ultra-thin, ultra-portable notebook, introduced in
2006 and relaunchedin 2015.
·
MacBook
Air: Consumer ultra-thin,
ultra-portable notebook, introduced in 2008.
·
MacBook
Pro: Professional
notebook, introduced in 2006.
·
Mac Mini: Consumer sub-desktop computer, introduced in 2005.
·
iMac: Consumer all-in one desktop computer, introduced in
1998.
·
Mac Pro: Workstation desktop computer, introduced in 2006.
iPod
On
October 23, 2001, Apple introduced the iPod digital music player. Several updated models have
since been introduced, and the iPod brand is now the market leader in portable
music players by a significant margin. More than 350 million units have shipped
as of September 2012. Apple has partnered with Nike to offer the Nike+iPod Sports Kit, enabling
runners to synchronize and monitor their runs with iTunes and the Nike+
website.
Apple currently sells three variants of the iPod:
·
iPod
Shuffle: Ultra-portable digital audio
player, currently available in a 2 GB model, introduced in 2005.
iPhone
The first-generation iPhone, 3G, 4, 5, 5C and5S to scale. At the Macworld
Conference & Expo in January 2007, Steve Jobs introduced the
long-anticipated iPhone, a convergence of an Internet-enabled smartphone and
iPod. The first-generation iPhone was released on June 29, 2007 for $499 (4 GB)
and $599 (8 GB) with an AT&T contract. On February 5, 2008, it was updated
to have 16 GB of memory, in addition to the 8 GB and 4 GB models. It combined a
2.5G quad band GS Mand EDGE cellular phone with features found in handheld
devices, running scaled-down versions of Apple's Mac OS X (dubbed iPhone OS,
later renamed iOS), with various Mac OS X applications such as Safari and Mail.
It also includes web-based and Dashboard apps such as Google Map sand Weather.
The iPhone features a 3.5-inch (89 mm) touch screen display, Bluetooth, and
Wi-Fi (both "b" and "g").
A
second version, the iPhone
3G, was released on July 11, 2008 with
a reduced price of $199 for the 8 GB version and $299 for the 16 GB
version. This version added support for 3G networking and assisted-GPS navigation. The flat silver back and large antenna
square of the original model were eliminated in favor of a glossy, curved black
or white back. Software capabilities were improved with the release of
the App Store,
which provided iPhone-compatible applications to download. On April 24, 2009,
the App Store surpassed one billion downloads.On June 8, 2009, Apple
announced the iPhone 3GS.
It provided an incremental update to the device, including faster internal
components, support for faster 3G speeds, video recording capability, and voice
control.
At
the Worldwide Developers
Conference (WWDC) on June 7, 2010, Apple
announced the redesigned iPhone
4.It featured a 960x640 display,
the Apple A4 processor,
a gyroscope for
enhanced gaming, a 5MP camera with LED flash, front-facing VGA camera and Face
time video calling. Shortly after
its release, reception issues were discovered by consumers, due to the
stainless steel band around the edge of the device, which also serves as the
phone's cellular signal and Wi-Fi antenna. The issue was corrected by a
"Bumper Case" distributed by Apple for free to all owners for a few
months. In June 2011, Apple overtook Nokia to become the world's biggest smartphone maker by
volume. On October 4, 2011, Apple unveiled the iPhone
4S, which was first released on
October 14, 2011. It features the Apple
A5 processor and Siri voice assistant technology, the latter of which Apple
had acquired in 2010. It also features an updated 8MP camera with new
optics. Apple sold 4 million iPhone 4S phones in the first three days of
availability.
On
September 12, 2012, Apple introduced the iPhone
5. It has a 4-inch display, 4G
LTE connectivity, and the upgraded Apple
A6 chip, among several other
improvements.Two million iPhones were sold in the first twenty-four hours of pre-ordering. and
over five million handsets were sold in the first three days of its
launch. Upon the launch of the iPhone
5S and iPhone
5C, Apple set a new record for
first-weekend smartphone sales by selling over nine million devices in the
first three days of its launch. The release of the iPhone 5S and 5C was
the first time that Apple simultaneously launched two models.
A
patent filed in July 2013 revealed the development of a new iPhone battery
system that uses location data in combination with data on the user's habits to
moderate the handsets power settings accordingly. Apple is working towards a
power management system that will provide features such as the ability of the
iPhone to estimate the length of time a user will be away from a power source
to modify energy usage and a detection function that adjusts the charging rate
to best suit the type of power source that is being used.
In
a March 2014 interview, Apple designer Jonathan
Ive used the iPhone as an example
of Apple's ethos of creating high-quality, life-changing products. He explained
that the phones are comparatively expensive due to the intensive effort that is
used to make them:
We don’t take so long and make the way we make for fiscal
reasons ... Quite the reverse. The body is made from a single piece of machined
aluminium ... The whole thing is polished first to a mirror finish and then is
very finely textured, except for the Apple logo. The chamfers [smoothed-off
edges] are cut with diamond-tipped cutters. The cutters don’t usually last very
long, so we had to figure out a way of mass-manufacturing long-lasting ones.
The camera cover is sapphire crystal. Look at the details around the sim-card
slot. It’s extraordinary!
On
September 9, 2014, Apple introduced the iPhone
6, alongside the iPhone
6 Plus that both have screen sizes
over 4-inches. One year later, Apple introduced the iPhone
6S, and iPhone
6S Plus, which introduced a new technology
called 3D Touch, including an increase of the rear camera to 12 MP, and the
FaceTime camera to 5 MP.On March 21, 2016, Apple introduced the iPhone
SE that has a 4-inch size last
used with the 5S and has the same hardware as the 6S except for the lack of
inclusion of 3D Touch.
iPad
On
January 27, 2010, Apple introduced their much-anticipated media tablet, the iPad, which runs a modified version of iOS. It offers
multi-touch interaction with multimedia formats including newspapers, e-books,
photos, videos, music, word processing documents, video games, and most
existing iPhone apps using a 9.7-inch screen. It also includes a mobile
version of Safari for
web browsing, as well as access to the App Store, iTunes Library, iBookstore, Contacts, and Notes. Content is downloadable via Wi-Fi and optional 3G service or synced through the user's computer. AT&T was initially the sole U.S. provider of 3G wireless
access for the iPad.
On
March 2, 2011, Apple introduced the iPad
2, which had a faster processor and a
camera on the front and back. It also added support for optional 3G service
provided byVerizon in addition to AT&T. The availability of the iPad 2 was initially limited
as a result of a devastating earthquake and
tsunami in Japan in March 2011.
The
third-generation iPad was released on March 7, 2012 and marketed as "the new iPad".
It added LTE service
from AT&T or Verizon, an upgraded A5X processor, and Retina display. The dimensions and form
factor remained relatively unchanged, with the new iPad being a fraction
thicker and heavier than the previous version and featuring minor positioning
changes.
On
October 23, 2012, Apple's fourth-generation iPad came out, marketed as the
"iPad with Retina display". It added the upgraded A6X processor and replaced the traditional 30-pin dock
connector with the all-digital Lightning connector. The iPad
Mini was also introduced. It
featured a reduced 7.9-inch display and much of the same internal specifications
as the iPad 2.
On
October 22, 2013, Apple introduced the iPad
Air and the iPad Mini with Retina
Display, both featuring a new 64-bit Apple A7 processor.
The iPad
Air 2 was unveiled on October 16,
2014. It added better graphics and central processing and a camera burst mode
as well as minor updates. The iPad
Mini 3 was unveiled at the same time.
Since
its launch, iPad users have downloaded over three billion apps. The total
number of App Store downloads, as of June 2015, is over 100 billion.
On
September 9, 2015, Apple announced the iPad
Pro, an iPad with a 12.9-inch display
that supports two new accessories, the Smart
Keyboard and Apple
Pencil. A 9.7-inch iPad Pro was
announced on March 21, 2016.
Apple Watch
The Apple Watch quickly became the
best-selling wearable device, with the shipment of 11.4 million smart watches
in the first half of 2015, according to analyst firm Canalys.
The
Apple Watch smartwatch was
launched by Cook on September 9, 2014, and released on April 24, 2015.The
wearable device consists of fitness-tracking capabilities that are similar
to Fitbit, and must be used in combination with an iPhone to work
(only the iPhone 5,
or later models, are compatible with the Apple Watch).
Apple TV
At
the 2007 Macworld conference, Jobs demonstrated the Apple
TV (previously known as the
iTV), a set-top video device intended to bridge the sale of content from
iTunes with high-definition televisions. The device links up to a user's TV and
syncs, either via Wi-Fi or a wired network, with one computer's iTunes library
and streams content from an additional four. The Apple TV originally
incorporated a 40 GB hard drive for storage, included outputs for HDMI and component
video, and played video at a maximum
resolution of 720p. On
May 31, 2007, a 160 GB drive was released alongside the existing 40 GB
model.A software update released on January 15, 2008 allowed media to be
purchased directly from the Apple TV.
In
September 2009, Apple discontinued the original 40 GB Apple TV and now
continues to produce and sell the 160 GB Apple TV. On September 1, 2010, Apple
released a completely redesigned Apple TV. The new device is 1/4 the size, runs
quieter, and replaces the need for a hard drive with media streaming from any
iTunes library on the network along with 8 GB of flash
memory to cache media downloaded. Like the iPad and the iPhone, Apple
TV runs on an A4 processor. The memory included in the device is half of that
in the iPhone 4 at
256 MB; the same as the iPad, iPhone 3GS, third and fourth-generation iPod
Touch.
It
has HDMI out as the only video out source. Features include access to the
iTunes Store to rent movies and TV shows (purchasing has been discontinued),
streaming from internet video sources, including YouTube and Netflix, and media
streaming from an iTunes library. Apple also reduced the price of the device to
$99. A third generation of the device was introduced at an Apple event on March
7, 2012, with new features such as higher resolution (1080p) and a new user
interface.
At
the September 9, 2015 event, Apple unveiled an overhauled Apple TV, introducing
the App Store and a new "Siri Remote" with a touchpad.
Apple
Worldwide Developers Conference is held annually by Apple to showcase its new
software and technologies for software developers.
Apple
develops its own operating system to run on Macs, OS X, the latest version
being OS X El Capitan (version 10.11). Apple also independently develops
computer software titles for its OS X operating system. Much of the software
Apple develops is bundled with its computers. An example of this is the
consumer-oriented iLife software package that bundles iMovie, iPhoto and
GarageBand. For presentation, page layout and word processing, iWork is
available, which includes Keynote, Pages, and Numbers. iTunes, Quick Timemedia
player, and Software Update are available as free downloads for both OS X and
Windows.
Apple
also offers online services with iCloud, which provides cloud storage and syncing for a wide range
of data, including email, contacts, calendars, photos and documents. It also
offers iOS device backup, and is able to integrate directly with third-party
apps for even greater functionality. iCloud is the fourth generation of online
services provided by Apple, and was preceded by MobileMe, .Mac and iTools, all which met varying degrees of success.
Electric vehicles
EMPLOYEES
Since
formation of the Apple Computer Company in 1977, it (asApple Computer, Inc.)
has employed over 75,000 people worldwide. Themajority of Apple's employees
have been located in the United States butApple has substantial manufacturing,
sales, marketing, and supportorganizations worldwide, with some engineering
operations in Paris and Tokyo.Apple emplyees include employees of companies
acquired byApple as well as subsidiaries such as FileMaker Inc. and Braeburn
Capital.
LOGO’S
Apple’s
first logo, designed by Jobs and Wayne, depicts Sir IsaacNewton sitting under
an apple tree. Almost immediately, though, this wasreplaced by Rob Janoff’s
“rainbow Apple”, the now-familiar rainbow-colored silhouette of an apple with a
bite taken out of it. Janoff presented Jobs with several different
monochromatic themes for the "bitten" logo,and Jobs immediately took
a liking to it. While Jobs liked the logo, heinsisted it be in color, as a way
to humanize the company. The original hand drawn logo features Sir Isaac
Newton, and onetheory states that the symbol refers to his discoveries of
gravity (theapple) and the separation of light by prisms (the colors).
Anotherexplanation exists that the bitten apple pays homage to themathematician
Alan Turing, who committed suicide by eating an apple hehad laced with cyanide.
Turing is regarded as one of the fathers of thecomputer. The rainbow colors of
the logo were rumored to be a referenceto the rainbow flag, as a homage to
Turing's homosexuality.However, Rob Janoff stated in an interview that the
alternate theories are all wonderful urban legends, but, unfortunately,
"B.S." The
Apple
logo was designed with a bite for scale, so that people wouldrecognise that it
was an apple, not a cherry, and the rainbow color wasnot a coded reference to
homosexuality or prism light, but was conceivedto make the logo more accessible
and represent the fact the monitor could reproduce images in color.In 1998,
with the roll-out of the new iMac, Apple discontinued therainbow theme —
supposedly at the insistence of recently returned Jobs — and began to use
monochromatic themes, nearly identical inshape to its previous rainbow
incarnation. However, no specific color isprescribed throughout Apple's
software and hardware line. The logo'sshape is one of the most recognized brand
symbols in the world,identifies all Apple products and retail stores (the text
"Apple" is not evenpresent) and has been included as stickers in
nearly all Macintosh andiPod packages through the years.
SLOGAN’S
Apple's
first slogan, "Byte into an Apple", was coined in the late1970s.From
1997–2002, Apple used the slogan ThinkDifferent in advertising campaigns. The
slogan had a lasting impact ontheir image and revived their popularity with the
media and customers.Although the slogan has been retired, it is still closely
associated withApple. Apple also has slogans for specific product lines — for
example,"iThink, therefore iMac", was used in 1998 to promote the
iMac, and "Sayhello to iPhone" has been used in iPhone
advertisements."Hello" was alsoused to introduce the original
Macintosh, Newton, iMac ("hello (again)"),and iPod.
CRITICISM
Apple
has been criticized from both user and developer perspectivesover disabling
Google Voice from their online store for iPhone, pressuring journalists to
reveal their sources regarding future Apple products,restrictive and long wait
in approving or disapproving third party iPhonesoftware, disabling iTunes
syncing with third-party devices like Palm Pre,and the iPhone's US exclusivity
with AT&T, along with questions andconcerns about other app rejections and
the general approval process for the iPhone's App Store. Philip W. Schiller, senior
vice president of Apple'sWorldwide Product Marketing, has tried to address many
of the App Storeconcerns by sending letters to the respective developers.
